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Related Concept Videos

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

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Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
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Types of Aggregate Grading01:15

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Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
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Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

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Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ
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Image-Based Evaluation Method for the Shape Quality of Stacked Aggregates.

Shaobo Ren1,2, Sheng Zeng3, Yi Zhou3

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an automated method using digital images to evaluate coarse aggregate shape, improving pavement quality control. The new technique offers a rapid, objective assessment of aggregate uniformity, crucial for durable road construction.

Keywords:
aggregate shapedigital image processingevaluation standardshape indexstacked aggregatesstandard deviation

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Coarse aggregate shape significantly impacts pavement performance and durability.
  • Manual aggregate inspection is time-consuming, subjective, and impractical for bulk materials.
  • Objective and automated methods are needed for efficient quality control in aggregate production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated digital image-based method for evaluating the shape of stacked coarse aggregates.
  • To establish a quantitative framework for assessing aggregate morphology and batch-level quality.
  • To correlate aggregate shape uniformity with pavement performance indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Image preprocessing including grayscale conversion, histogram equalization, and Gaussian filtering.
  • Segmentation and contour reconstruction using the Graham scan convex hull algorithm.
  • Extraction of morphological parameters to compute shape factors and their standard deviations (σ).

Main Results:

  • A novel automated system for evaluating coarse aggregate shape was developed.
  • Mean relative errors between automated and manual measurements were below 15%.
  • A strong correlation between shape factor standard deviation (σ) and overall shape quality was identified, leading to three quality categories: excellent, good, and poor.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed σ-driven framework provides a rapid, quantitative, and objective assessment of aggregate morphology.
  • This method enhances practical aggregate production and pavement quality control processes.
  • Automated shape evaluation is essential for ensuring the durability and performance of pavement systems.