Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

5.4K
The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...
5.4K
Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

Graphs of Polar Equations

211
The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
211
Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

5.3K
In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
Polish astronomer Nikolaus Copernicus put forth a theory that stated a heliocentric model for the solar system. According to this heliocentric theory, all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun in circular orbits.
On the other hand,...
5.3K
Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

307
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
307
Energy of a Satellite in a Circular Orbit01:11

Energy of a Satellite in a Circular Orbit

2.9K
Thousands of artificial satellites orbit the Earth every day at various distances from the Earth. Satellites that orbit the Earth below an altitude of 1,600 km are considered to be orbiting in low-Earth orbit (LEO). Research satellites and Earth observation satellites are usually placed in LEO, and mostly orbit the Earth in elliptical orbits. Navigation satellites are placed in medium-Earth orbit (MEO), ranging from 2,000 km to 36,000 km from the surface of the Earth. Meanwhile, communication...
2.9K
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

858
Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it...
858

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthetic Meta-Signal Observations: The Beidou Case.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Galileo-Based Doppler Shifts and Time Difference Carrier Phase: A Static Case Demonstration.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Application of "Galileo High Accuracy Service" on Single-Point Positioning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Neustrelitz Total Electron Content Model for Galileo Performance: A Position Domain Analysis.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

T-RAIM Approaches: Testing with Galileo Measurements.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Multi-Layer Defences for Robust GNSS Timing Retrieval.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
10:16

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

Published on: January 3, 2018

15.3K

T-RAIM for Precise Orbit Determination in LEO-PNT.

Ciro Gioia1, Francesco Menzione1, Andrea Piccolo1

  • 1European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Timing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (T-RAIM) to enhance Low Earth Orbit Position, Navigation, and Timing (LEO-PNT) systems. T-RAIM ensures reliable PNT services by mitigating cascading faults and maintaining accuracy during GNSS disruptions.

Keywords:
Hardware-in-the-LoopLEO-PNTODTSP2ODT-RAIM

More Related Videos

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.3K
Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

23.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
10:16

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

Published on: January 3, 2018

15.3K
Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.3K
Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

23.8K

Area of Science:

  • Space engineering
  • Satellite navigation systems
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Rapid development of Low Earth Orbit Position, Navigation, and Timing (LEO-PNT) constellations offers augmentation for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs).
  • Interdependency between LEO and GNSS layers can cause cascading faults, impacting system reliability.
  • Spaceborne receivers require robust integrity monitoring to ensure continuous PNT services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mitigate risks associated with LEO-GNSS interdependency by extending Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) capabilities to spaceborne receivers.
  • To validate the integration of Timing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (T-RAIM) with Precise Real-Time On-board Orbit Determination (P2OD) in LEO environments.
  • To ensure continuous system functionality and prevent service interruptions in LEO-PNT solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop test environment for LEO scenarios.
  • Integration of T-RAIM with advanced P2OD techniques for spaceborne receivers.
  • Validation of the proposed architecture's performance under simulated GNSS clock faults and pseudorange ramp errors.

Main Results:

  • The T-RAIM integrated architecture maintained nominal positioning and timing accuracy despite GNSS clock faults.
  • Continuous system functionality was achieved without requiring P2OD restarts, preventing service interruptions.
  • T-RAIM effectively mitigated pseudorange ramp errors, preserving clock bias integrity and orbit determination accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed T-RAIM integration offers a viable and robust solution for LEO-PNT systems, handling computational demands of spaceborne receivers.
  • This approach enhances the resilience of LEO-PNT solutions against cascading faults and GNSS signal degradations.
  • The study demonstrates the critical role of T-RAIM in ensuring reliable and continuous PNT services in future spaceborne navigation systems.