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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Polypropylene Dissolution Kinetics: Effects of Solvent, Temperature, and Particle Size.

Paschalis Alexandridis1, Ali Ghasemi1, Marina Tsianou1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.

Polymers
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models polypropylene (PP) dissolution for plastic recycling. The model details how temperature and particle size affect PP decrystallization and dissolution, aiding recycling process optimization.

Keywords:
chemical recyclingcrystallizationdiffusionplastic recyclingpolymer dissolutionpolyolefinpolypropylene

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used plastic with low recycling rates.
  • Selective dissolution is a promising method for PP recycling from plastic waste.
  • Understanding PP dissolution fundamentals is crucial for process development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a model for semicrystalline polypropylene dissolution.
  • To gain insights into the kinetics of decrystallization and polymer chain disentanglement.
  • To provide time- and position-resolved data on PP dissolution unavailable experimentally.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical model for PP dissolution, considering decrystallization and disentanglement.
  • Validated the model using experimental data on PP pellet dissolution kinetics.
  • Analyzed the influence of solvent composition and temperature on dissolution.

Main Results:

  • Model accurately describes PP decrystallization and dissolution kinetics.
  • Key parameters decrease with temperature following an Arrhenius relationship.
  • Decrystallization and dissolution times increase with particle size; simultaneous for small particles, sequential for large ones.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides critical insights into PP dissolution mechanisms.
  • Temperature and particle size significantly impact dissolution rates and times.
  • This work supports the optimization of PP dissolution-precipitation recycling processes.