The Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Immunotherapy
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Shaun Png1, Sirimuvva Tadepalli2, Edward E Graves1
1Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Radiotherapy impacts cancer immunity by releasing molecules that shape anti-tumor responses. Understanding these complex immune effects, both local and systemic, is key to improving cancer treatment strategies.
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