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Summary

Garlic extracts show potential against SARS-CoV-2 by blocking viral entry. Freeze-dried Tigre (TL) garlic demonstrated significant inhibition, with one compound (L17) identified as a promising antiviral candidate.

Keywords:
Allium sativumbioactive metabolite identificationcomputational drug discoverydrug-likenesspharmacokinetic profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Virology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates novel antiviral therapies.
  • Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 interaction is crucial for inhibiting viral entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antiviral activity of *Allium sativum* (garlic) extracts against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify specific garlic compounds that inhibit the spike protein-ACE2 interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction and fractionation of two garlic cultivars (Tigre and Fermín).
  • ELISA immunoassays to assess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 entry.
  • GC-MS for chemical profiling and molecular docking/ADME analysis for compound evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Freeze-dried Tigre (TL) garlic extracts exhibited significant SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibition.
  • The aqueous fraction of TL showed the highest activity (57.26% inhibition at 0.01 µg/mL).
  • Molecular docking identified three compounds with strong binding affinities, with L17 showing favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Conclusions:

  • Garlic-derived compounds, particularly from TL cultivar, are promising natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry.
  • Further preclinical validation is warranted for these compounds as potential antiviral agents.
  • Standardized formulations are needed to address variability in therapeutic efficacy against different viral variants.