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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

792
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Published on: November 21, 2025

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Real-World Effects of Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hye Yoon Park1,2, Jaesub Park1,2, Daeyoung Roh3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea.

Brain and Behavior
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved depression and cognition over 12 weeks. Both 3-week and 6-week active stimulation protocols showed similar results, suggesting shorter durations may be effective for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Keywords:
adverse reactionscognitiondepressive disorderrandomized controlled trialstranscranial direct current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Limited real-world evidence exists for home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in treating depression, particularly regarding optimal duration.
  • This study investigates two home-based tDCS protocols for major depressive disorder (MDD): 3 weeks active followed by 3 weeks sham (3WA), and 6 weeks active (6WA).
  • ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05539131.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical effectiveness, cognitive impact, and safety of two home-based tDCS protocols in patients with MDD.
  • To determine if a 3-week active stimulation period is as effective as a 6-week active stimulation period for MDD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving MDD patients assigned to either the 3WA or 6WA group.
  • Depressive symptoms assessed via Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).
  • Cognitive function measured using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST); adverse events systematically monitored.

Main Results:

  • Both tDCS protocols demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms (BDI, MADRS) and cognitive function (DSST) over 12 weeks.
  • No significant difference in efficacy was found between the 3WA and 6WA protocols, indicating comparable therapeutic outcomes.
  • Fewer adverse events were reported by non-medicated participants; tianeptine users experienced more side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Both 3-week and 6-week home-based tDCS protocols effectively improved depressive symptoms and cognitive function in MDD patients.
  • The similar outcomes suggest that shorter tDCS treatment durations may be sufficient for major depressive disorder.
  • Findings support the real-world applicability of at-home tDCS, emphasizing the need to consider pharmacotherapy interactions for safety.