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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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[51-Year-old Patient With Word Finding Difficulties].

Nathalie Mayor1,2, Moritz Strickler1, Susanna Frigerio3

  • 1Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, Kantonsspital Olten, Olten.

Praxis
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights semantic dementia, a rare neurodegenerative condition. Early word-finding difficulties and memory issues, initially mistaken for depression, were key diagnostic clues.

Keywords:
depressionfrontotemporal degeneration diseasesemantic dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • A 51-year-old patient presented with progressive word-finding difficulties.
  • Initial symptoms were attributed to co-existing depression, showing temporary improvement with treatment.
  • Subtle abnormalities in naming and verbal memory were noted on the CERAD test battery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a challenging case of semantic dementia diagnosis.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic process for semantic dementia.
  • To differentiate semantic dementia from depression-induced cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and patient history.
  • Neuropsychological testing (CERAD battery).
  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) tomography and Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET).

Main Results:

  • MR tomography revealed right hippocampal hypotrophy.
  • FDG-PET and handedness assessment were crucial for diagnosis.
  • The patient was ultimately diagnosed with semantic dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic dementia can present insidiously with symptoms mimicking depression.
  • A combination of advanced neuroimaging and detailed neuropsychological assessment is vital for accurate diagnosis.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of semantic dementia is critical for patient management.