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Affective Responsivity and Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity in Depression.

Ashley M Darling1, Cynthia M Dominguez2, Jacqueline Mogle3

  • 1Department of Kinesiology (A.M.D., P.J.F., J.L.G.), The University of Texas at Arlington, TX.

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|December 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) show heightened negative affective responsivity (NA-R) to daily stressors, linked to increased heart rate reactivity during acute stress. This suggests a sensitized stress response in MDD, potentially impacting cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
blood pressurecardiovascular diseasesdepressive disorder, majorheart rateyoung adult

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Stress and Health

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by significant stress system dysfunction and altered affective responses to stress.
  • Previous research has not directly examined the relationship between daily negative affective responsivity (NA-R) and sympathetic-cardiovascular stress reactivity in young adults with MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between NA-R to daily stressors and acute stress-induced sympathetic-cardiovascular reactivity in young adults.
  • To compare these associations between unmedicated young adults with MDD and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Daily stress and affective dynamics were recorded for 8 days using a daily diary in 39 adults with MDD and 42 healthy adults.
  • On the final day, participants underwent the cold pressor test to measure heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity.

Main Results:

  • Negative affective responsivity (NA-R) to daily stressors was significantly higher in adults with MDD compared to controls.
  • Increased NA-R was associated with greater acute stress-induced heart rate reactivity, but only in the MDD group.
  • No significant relationships were found between NA-R and blood pressure or muscle sympathetic nerve activity reactivity in either group.

Conclusions:

  • The link between NA-R to daily stressors and cardiovascular stress reactivity is amplified in young adults with MDD.
  • This sensitized stress response may represent a mechanism contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with depression.