Advances and crosslinking of the piezoelectric nanoplatform: exploring the multifunctionality in different biomedical...

Piezoelectric materials have emerged as versatile platforms with transformative potential in biomedical research, yet their clinical translation remains limited. This mini review examines how these materials generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mechanical stimulation to regulate biological processes, enabling antibacterial activity, wound repairing, tissue regeneration, and targeted cancer therapy through piezodynamic, chemodynamic, and photothermal pathways. Beyond treatment, piezoelectric materials facilitate controlled drug and gene delivery and function as self-powered biosensors for real-time monitoring. To this end, we also discuss key challenges hindering clinical translation, including instability, precipitation, fabrication complexity, and long-term biocompatibility, and conclude by outlining future strategies for developing flexible, biodegradable, AI-integrated platforms for precision and adaptive healthcare.