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Reliability and validity testing of the Chinese version of the self-directed learning scale among middle school

Fei Cheng1,2, Mei Foong Ang2, Yana An3

  • 1School of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Chinese secondary educationadolescent learner autonomyconstruct validitycross-cultural validationexploratory and confirmatory factor analysisscale translation and adaptationself-directed learning

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