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Genomic Data Reveal Multiple Introduction Sources and Limited Post-Colonization Gene Flow in Southeast Michigan

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The Red Swamp Crayfish invasion in Michigan is driven by multiple introductions and secondary spread. Urban landscapes do not hinder crayfish movement, suggesting continued expansion is probable.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Invasive species management requires understanding their spread and genetic diversity.
  • The Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is a significant global invasive species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the genetic diversity and spatial structure of Procambarus clarkii at a Michigan invasion front.
  • Identify factors influencing the distribution and abundance of this invasive crayfish.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed genomic data from 763 Procambarus clarkii individuals across 20 waterbodies.
  • Utilized 2675 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to assess genetic diversity and structure.
  • Employed demographic (coalescent) modeling to infer introduction history and gene flow.

Main Results:

  • Detected strong genetic structure with seven distinct genetic clusters.
  • Found evidence supporting multiple introductions from separate genetic lineages.
  • Observed limited gene flow consistent with isolation-by-distance and secondary spread (bridgehead effect).
  • Landscape features (hydrology, land use, roads) did not predict genetic relationships within clusters.

Conclusions:

  • The Procambarus clarkii invasion in SE Michigan involves repeated introductions and fine-scale secondary spread.
  • Urban environments did not impede crayfish movement, indicating a high likelihood of further expansion.