Kratom-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage: A Clinical Image.

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Pulmonary Medicine
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia.
• Its leaves are used for medicinal purposes, including pain relief and recreational use.
• Adverse effects of kratom, such as liver injury and psychosis, have been reported.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following heavy kratom ingestion.
• To investigate the potential link between kratom use and pulmonary complications.
• To differentiate kratom-induced injury from other potential causes of alveolar hemorrhage.

Main Methods:

• A case report of a patient presenting with respiratory symptoms after kratom use.
• Diagnostic procedures included chest imaging (X-ray, CT scan) and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage.
• Vaping history was specifically assessed and excluded as a confounding factor.

Main Results:

• The patient developed acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
• Chest imaging revealed bilateral infiltrates consistent with hemorrhage.
• Bronchoscopy confirmed active bleeding from the alveoli.
• Heavy kratom ingestion was identified as the likely trigger, with vaping excluded.

Conclusions:

• Heavy kratom ingestion can be a potential cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
• Pulmonary toxicity should be considered in patients with unexplained alveolar hemorrhage and a history of kratom use.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of kratom-induced pulmonary injury.