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Pathophysiological Spine Adaptations and Countermeasures for Prolonged Spaceflight: Part II-Space Radiation.

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Space radiation poses a significant risk to astronauts

Keywords:
disc degenerationmicrogravityosteopeniasarcopeniasenescencespace radiationspaceflightspine

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Area of Science:

  • Space exploration
  • Space medicine
  • Radiation biology

Background:

  • Future space missions necessitate understanding space environment effects on astronauts.
  • Musculoskeletal system adaptations to microgravity and space radiation are critical.
  • Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and other space radiation pose significant health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of space radiation on the astronaut musculoskeletal system, specifically the spine.
  • To identify potential countermeasures for radiation-induced spinal issues.
  • To inform mission planning for prolonged spaceflight, including lunar and Martian missions.

Main Methods:

  • Critical narrative review of existing literature.
  • Focus on space radiation as a primary health challenge.
  • Analysis of countermeasures' effects on the spine.

Main Results:

  • Space radiation is a major health concern for astronauts, second only to microgravity.
  • Understanding radiation's impact on the spine is crucial for mission success.
  • Potential countermeasures are being investigated to mitigate radiation effects.

Conclusions:

  • Mitigating space radiation's effects on the spine is essential for long-duration space missions.
  • Further research into countermeasures is needed to ensure astronaut safety.
  • This review supports NASA's Human Research Roadmap for Artemis and beyond.