Multiple primary cancers with prostate malignant tumor as the initial diagnosis: a case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genetics
• Urology

Background:

• Cancer patient survival is increasing due to medical advancements.
• Multiple primary cancers (MPC) are a growing concern with poorer prognoses.
• Current management guidelines for MPC are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of an elderly male with four distinct primary cancers.
• To highlight the coexistence of EGFR mutation and BAP1 deletion in different tumors.
• To emphasize the importance of genetic testing and aggressive management in MPC.

Main Methods:

• Longitudinal case study over a six-year follow-up period.
• Surgical interventions for each primary tumor: radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and radical lung resection.
• Genetic testing of tumor tissues for mutations (EGFR) and deletions (BAP1).

Main Results:

• Diagnosis of four primary cancers: prostate, renal, bladder, and lung cancer.
• Identification of an EGFR mutation in lung cancer and BAP1 gene deletion in renal cancer.
• Successful surgical treatment and good postoperative recovery for all primary tumors.

Conclusions:

• This case represents a rare instance of MPC involving three urogenital system tumors.
• The coexistence of EGFR and BAP1 alterations across different cancers is noteworthy.
• Aggressive management and genetic profiling are crucial for improving quality of life in MPC patients.