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Prevalence and Patterns of Off-Label Transmucosal Immediate-Release Fentanyl Use in French General Practice: A

Virginie Guastella1,2, Emeline Gueganno3, Célian Bertin4

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, Neuro-Dol, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Palliative Care Center, 63118, Cebazat, France. vguastella@chu-clermontferrand.fr.

Pain and Therapy
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nearly half of general practitioners (GPs) frequently prescribe transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl (TIRF) off-label for various conditions. While perceived effective, concerns about training and misuse necessitate clearer guidelines for safer TIRF use.

Keywords:
FentanylGeneral practitionerOff-label usePainProcedural painTransmucosal immediate-release fentanyl

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