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Isthmocele: from Detection to Treatment: A Narrative Review
Nassir Habib1, Anda Upane2, Laura Ivanova3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinique de L'Yvette, 67 Route de Corbeil, Longjumeau, France. n.habib@ght-yvelinesnord.fr.
Advances in Therapy
|December 11, 2025
Summary
Isthmocele, or cesarean scar defect, is a growing concern after C-sections, causing pain and infertility. Early diagnosis and tailored treatments, from medication to surgery, are key for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Reproductive Medicine
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Isthmocele, a cesarean scar defect, is increasingly recognized.
- It is linked to abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and secondary infertility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of isthmocele.
- To cover pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of current literature.
- Analysis of diagnostic imaging (transvaginal ultrasound, MRI).
- Evaluation of treatment modalities (medical, surgical).
Main Results:
- Multiple cesarean sections are the primary risk factor.
- Transvaginal ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic tool.
- Treatment is individualized based on symptoms and reproductive goals.
Conclusions:
- Surgical correction is beneficial for symptomatic women with reproductive goals.
- Optimal cesarean technique and postoperative monitoring aid prevention.
- Further research is needed for standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols.
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