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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis with Conflicting Resistance Testing Results, Lesotho.

Kwonjune J Seung, Meseret Asfaw, Mikanda Kunda

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |December 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    A patient with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis recovered despite treatment failure with multiple drugs. Whole-genome sequencing and broth microdilution tests disagreed, highlighting the need to correlate genetic and phenotypic drug resistance with patient outcomes.

    Keywords:
    Lesothoantimicrobial resistancebacteriaextensively drug-resistant tuberculosisgenotypic resistance testingphenotypic resistance testingtuberculosistuberculosis and other mycobacteria

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) poses a significant global health challenge.
    • Treatment options for XDR-TB are limited, and outcomes are often poor.
    • The case occurred in Lesotho, a region with a high burden of tuberculosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a case of successful XDR-TB recovery after multi-drug treatment failure.
    • To investigate the discordance between genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance testing in a clinical setting.
    • To emphasize the clinical relevance of correlating molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing with treatment response.

    Main Methods:

    • A single patient case study.
    • Treatment history including bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and clofazimine.
    • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for genotypic resistance profiling.
    • Broth microdilution (BMD) for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST).

    Main Results:

    • The patient achieved successful treatment outcome despite documented resistance to multiple first- and second-line drugs.
    • Discrepancies were observed between WGS-based genotypic resistance and BMD-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing results.
    • The clinical response did not align with all in vitro resistance data.

    Conclusions:

    • Successful recovery from XDR-TB is possible even after failure of multiple advanced drug regimens.
    • Discordance between genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance testing can occur.
    • Further research is crucial to reconcile genotypic and phenotypic resistance data with clinical outcomes in tuberculosis treatment.