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Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States - VISION, August 29, 2024-September 2,

Stephanie A Irving, Elizabeth A K Rowley, Sean Chickery

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |December 11, 2025
    PubMed

    Insights

    The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine shows significant effectiveness in protecting children and adolescents against emergency department visits. This updated vaccine offers crucial protection for individuals aged 9 months to 17 years.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Vaccinology
    • Public Health Surveillance

    Background:

    • Significant COVID-19 hospitalizations occurred in US children and adolescents (<18 years) from September 2023 to August 2024.
    • Rates varied by age, with the highest burden in infants (<6 months) and lowest in older children and adolescents (5-17 years).
    • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine, targeting Omicron JN.1 sublineages, for individuals aged ≥6 months.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines.
    • To assess VE against COVID-19-associated emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) visits in children and adolescents.
    • To evaluate VE in specific pediatric age groups: 9 months-4 years and 5-17 years.

    Main Methods:

    • A test-negative case-control design was employed.
    • Data were collected from the CDC-funded Virtual SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other respiratory viruses Network (VISION) across nine states.
    • The study included immunocompetent children aged 9 months-4 years and children/adolescents aged 5-17 years, analyzing visits from August 29, 2024, to September 2, 2025.

    Main Results:

    • Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated ED/UC visits was 76% (95% CI: 58%-87%) in children aged 9 months-4 years within 7-179 days post-vaccination.
    • Vaccine effectiveness was 56% (95% CI: 35%-70%) in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years within 7-179 days post-vaccination.
    • The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated significant protection against ED/UC encounters in both pediatric age groups studied.

    Conclusions:

    • The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine provides substantial protection for children and adolescents against symptomatic illness requiring emergency or urgent care.
    • Vaccination with the updated formulation offers additional protection compared to not receiving the 2024-2025 dose.
    • These findings support the recommendation for pediatric COVID-19 vaccination to reduce severe outcomes.

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