Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

2.6K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
2.6K
Storage01:23

Storage

337
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
337
Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview01:18

Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview

25.0K
It is convenient to consider the body's structures in terms of fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
To study the chemical level of organization, scientists consider the simplest building blocks of matter: subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules. All matter in the universe is composed of one or more unique pure substances called elements, familiar examples of...
25.0K
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

230.4K
Overview
230.4K
Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

17.6K
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
17.6K
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

45.0K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
45.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual functionalization of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> for efficient and selective Au(III) adsorption: the synergistic effect of electrostatic and coordination interactions.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Lateralized excitation-inhibition rebalance correlates with motor recovery following hemispheric surgery.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Neural Response to Familiar Names Predicts Outcome of Comatose ICU Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Empirical validation of race-neutral normative brain morphometry models across ethnoracially diverse populations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Three parsimonious spatiotemporal patterns in cerebellum reveal individual traits in function and behavior.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Human hippocampal ripples coordinate planning sequences and compositional representations in neocortex.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data
09:34

A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data

Published on: September 25, 2021

4.4K

Building hierarchically nested structure by rapid neural sequences.

Bingjiang Lyu1, Lang Qin2,3, Xiongfei Wang4

  • 1Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain builds complex hierarchical structures using rapid neural sequences. These sequences identify symbol depth and arrange symbols, crucial for higher-order cognition like planning and language.

Keywords:
MEGdecodinghierarchically nested structureneural computationrapid neural sequence

More Related Videos

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

7.3K
3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data
09:34

A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data

Published on: September 25, 2021

4.4K
Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

7.3K
3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Cognition
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hierarchically nested structures are crucial for complex human cognition, underpinning language, planning, and mathematics.
  • The precise neural mechanisms supporting the flexible construction of these hierarchical structures remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural computations underlying the brain's ability to construct hierarchically nested structures.
  • To identify the specific neural operations and their associated brain activity patterns involved in hierarchical sequence building.

Main Methods:

  • Participants mentally constructed sequences with nested, multi-depth structures using recursive rule application.
  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was employed to record neural activity during the task.
  • Analysis focused on identifying neural signatures associated with hierarchical processing and sequence generation.

Main Results:

  • The brain constructs nested hierarchies via rapid neural sequences performing two generative operations.
  • Operation 1: Identifying hierarchy depth (linked to ripple-band power).
  • Operation 2: Ordering symbols within a level (scales with depth, correlates with planning time).

Conclusions:

  • Neural computations for hierarchical structure building involve distinct generative operations.
  • These findings illuminate a fundamental neural process for converting sensory input into structured representations essential for higher cognition.