A novel fluorescent probe visualization and identification of peroxynitrite in allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) poses significant global health challenges. In this research endeavor, we have successfully engineered an innovative hemicyanine-based sensor, designated as the HD-BY probe, specifically tailored for the real-time and exquisitely sensitive detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO^-). This compound holds a crucial position as a primary biomarker in both the assessment of AR and the identification of related health disorders. The HD-BY probe is uniquely responsive to ONOO^-, triggering a notable amplification in both absorption and fluorescence emissions, and demonstrating a linear response to ONOO^- concentration with a detection limit as low as 150 nM. In cellular models, the HD-BY probe effectively tracked ONOO^- dynamics, demonstrating its potential for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of AR. Notably, it enabled clear discrimination between AR patients and healthy controls, as evidenced by significantly higher fluorescence intensity in nasal mucus samples from the AR group-highlighting its diagnostic value. Histopathological assessment using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining further confirmed distinct lung pathological features between AR models and normal subjects. HD-BY has high specificity, stability, and biocompatibility under physiological conditions. Furthermore, HD-BY underscores its suitability for biomedical research, providing a robust, non-invasive platform for disease surveillance.