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Published on: April 23, 2014
Development and psychometric evaluation of the self‑leadership scale for clinical nurses: A methodological study
Hoon Ah Lee1, Keum Seong Jang2, Hyunyoung Park2
1Human Research Protection Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
Background:
Self‑leadership is one of the key personal competencies that enhances nurses' performance, well-being, and proactive behavior in clinical settings. Fostering self‑leadership skills through nursing education and professional development is therefore essential. However, few instruments adequately capture the unique attributes of self‑leadership in nursing.
Aim:
This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Leadership Scale for Clinical Nurses (SLS-CN).
Design:
A methodological study for instrument development and validation.
Methods:
Initial items were generated through a comprehensive literature review and in-depth interviews with 10 clinical nurses. Content validity was established via expert panel reviews and a pilot study. Subsequently, an online survey collected data from 605 nurses employed in general or tertiary hospitals in Korea to assess structural validity (through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), criterion validity, hypothesis-testing construct validity (convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity), and reliability of the questionnaire.
Results:
Structural validity testing via exploratory factor analysis identified a four-factor structure, and the final scale comprised 16 items: collaborative self-mastering strategies, physical vitality-fostering strategies, goal-focused self-training strategies, and self-respect-pursuing strategies. These factors explained 59.1 % of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the model fit (χ2 = 159.102 (p < .001), χ2/df = 1.623, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.944, and RMSEA = 0.045). The scale also demonstrated satisfactory criterion validity and hypothesis-testing construct validity. Reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.861.
Conclusions:
This study developed and validated the SLS-CN, a psychometrically robust scale for assessing self‑leadership in clinical nursing. The identified dimensions capture essential components of self‑leadership, providing a foundation for conceptual clarity and informing the design of interventions in nursing education and workforce development.
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