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[Pediatric pneumological aspects in the care of children with Down Syndrome]

Hans Fuchs1, Lennart Gunst2, Anke Wendt3

  • 1Sektion Neonatologie und päd. Intensivmedizin, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Klinische Padiatrie
|December 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome (DS) experience frequent and severe pulmonary issues, including obstructive sleep apnea and infections. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for better respiratory health and cognitive outcomes in DS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary complications are prevalent in children with Down syndrome (DS) but often overlooked.
  • Anatomical and functional airway abnormalities contribute to significant respiratory morbidity in DS.
  • Immune dysregulation and dysphagia exacerbate lower respiratory tract infections in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pulmonary issues in children with Down syndrome.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for pediatric pulmonologists.
  • To emphasize the importance of addressing respiratory health in DS management.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on pulmonary manifestations in Down syndrome.
  • It focuses on aspects relevant to pediatric pulmonologists.

Main Results:

  • Infants with DS often present with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome due to airway anomalies.
  • Chronic rhinitis, recurrent infections (RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2), and chronic wheezing are common.
  • Pulmonary hypertension can occur, sometimes without congenital heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary problems in Down syndrome require specialized attention and management.
  • Timely intervention for conditions like obstructive sleep apnea is vital for cognitive development.
  • Pediatric pulmonologists play a key role in optimizing respiratory care for children with DS.

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