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Urinary concentrations of di-butyl phthalate isomers and reproductive hormonal parameters in adult men: A systematic
Tiberiu M Nita1, David Vernez2, Pascal Wild3
1Unisanté, University Center for Primary Care and Public Health & University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Swiss School of Public Health, Zurich 8001, Switzerland.
Background:
Male reproductive decline has been linked to phthalate exposure. Di-butyl phthalate isomers (DnBP and DiBP) are endocrine disruptors with inconsistent evidence regarding effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/thyroid (HPG/T) axis.
Objective:
To perform a dose-response meta-analysis of associations between DnBP and DiBP exposure and HPG/T-axis hormones.
Methods:
Five databases were searched. The associations between urinary DBP metabolite concentrations (mono-n-butyl phthalate [MnBP], mono-iso-butyl phthalate [MiBP], or nonspecific DBP metabolites [∑DBPm]) and hormone levels (TT, fT, SHBG, LH, FSH, E2, INHB, and TSH) were analyzed using meta-regressions (unadjusted [UA], covariate-adjusted [CA], fertility-adjusted [FA]).
Results:
From 10,410 records, 19 studies (N = 12,128) were considered. MiBP was negatively correlated with LH (UA: β=-0.117, p = 0.02; CA: β=-0.094, p = 0.012; FA: β=-0.125, p = 0.009), positively with E2 (CA: β=0.084, p = 0.045), and SHBG (CA: β=0.09, p = 0.034; FA: β=0.091, p = 0.015). MnBP was positively associated with TSH (UA: β=0.152, p = 0.001; CA: β=0.188, p = 0.006).
Conclusions:
DBP-isomers exposure is associated with altered HPG/T-axis hormone levels.
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