Pharmacological insights on multifaceted therapeutic applications of stilbenoids: A comprehensive updates

Stilbenoids are naturally existing phenolic chemicals that have a stilbene backbone structure and are found in a variety of plant species. Plants produce these antimicrobial substances, known as phytoalexins, in reaction to stresses such as disease or ultraviolet light. The structure, variety, isomer form, and biosynthesis of stilbenoids are important characteristics. In addition to their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic qualities, they also exhibit antibacterial activity, cardioprotective and neuroprotective benefits, and the ability to prevent and treat cancer. The most researched stilbenoid is resveratrol, although related substances such as piceatannol, gnetol, and pterostilbene also have notable bioactivity. In vitro, in vivo, and a few human clinical investigations have all been done on stilbenoids. Although preclinical models show promising results, further clinical data is required to validate their good benefits in people. To completely grasp their therapeutic potential, more investigation is required. This article explores naturally occurring stilbenoids and their therapeutic properties, including preclinical and clinical research, patents, and emerging research. It highlights their abundance, structural traits, bioavailability, safety, and effectiveness. This article also focus on polymeric carriers, such as nanoparticles, micelles, hydrogels, and dendrimers, improve the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of stilbenoids, polyphenolic compounds with multifaceted therapeutic applicationssuch as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-diabetes, neurodegeneration, anti-obesity, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties.