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Seawater Salinity Measurement Using Laser-Induced Plasma: Acoustic-Spectral Characteristics and Analytical

Ye Tian1,2, Qingxi Liu1, Beibei Wang1

  • 1College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel laser-based method for simultaneously measuring seawater salinity and elemental composition. This technique offers improved accuracy over traditional methods for marine environmental monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Background:

  • Seawater salinity is crucial for marine environments.
  • Existing methods struggle to determine elemental composition alongside salinity.
  • Accurate elemental analysis is vital for understanding salinity's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a laser-based method for simultaneous seawater salinity and elemental concentration measurement.
  • To investigate the potential of laser-induced plasma acoustic and spectral signals for chemical analysis.
  • To build and validate an acoustic-spectral data fusion model for seawater analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Generated laser-induced plasma in seawater.
  • Utilized shadowgraph imaging, fast imaging, hydrophone measurements, and spectroscopy.
  • Developed an acoustic-spectral data fusion model for prediction.
  • Analyzed acoustic and spectral signals for physical and chemical information.

Main Results:

  • The combined acoustic-spectral data fusion model achieved high accuracy in predicting salinity (RMSEP: 0.5‰, ARE: 1.63%, RSD: 1.27%).
  • Elemental concentrations (Na, K, Ca) were accurately determined with R² values above 0.99.
  • The laser-based method demonstrated superior performance compared to using acoustic or spectral data alone.
  • The method shows potential for analyzing other transparent liquids.

Conclusions:

  • A multimodal laser-based sensing method was successfully developed for seawater analysis.
  • This technique enables simultaneous measurement of salinity and elemental composition with high precision.
  • The findings offer a promising advancement for marine environmental monitoring and chemical analysis.