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Related Concept Videos

Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains the...

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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Tailoring interface-anchoring molecules for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

Wan Yang1, Tengfei Pan1, Guang Yang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Nature Communications
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new bifunctional molecule, N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA·3Na), enhances perovskite solar cell performance by enabling directional alignment and stable anchoring. This boosts efficiency and stability for industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Interfacial dipolar molecules are key for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
  • Random molecule distribution limits energy level regulation and carrier extraction.
  • Developing molecules for controlled interfacial properties is crucial for PSC advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a bifunctional antisymmetric molecule, MGDA·3Na, for directional alignment and stable anchoring at SnO2 and perovskite interfaces.
  • To investigate the effects of MGDA·3Na on interface uniformity, defect passivation, and perovskite crystal growth.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability enhancements in perovskite solar cells using MGDA·3Na.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and characterized N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA·3Na).
  • Applied MGDA·3Na at the SnO2/perovskite interface in small-area and large-area PSCs.
  • Evaluated device performance (PCE) and stability under various stress conditions (humidity, heat, illumination).

Main Results:

  • MGDA·3Na demonstrated selective adsorption and dipole reorientation, improving interface uniformity.
  • Efficient passivation of SnO2 surface defects and precise regulation of perovskite crystal growth were achieved.
  • Small-area PSCs reached 26.43% PCE, and a 5x5 cm2 module achieved 23.27% PCE.
  • Devices maintained high efficiency over 2000 hours under nitrogen, 800 hours at 55°C/55% RH, and 800 hours under continuous illumination.

Conclusions:

  • MGDA·3Na effectively aligns energy levels and templates vertical perovskite growth, reducing interface defects.
  • The molecule significantly enhances both the power conversion efficiency and operational stability of PSCs.
  • The findings indicate strong potential for MGDA·3Na in the industrial-scale application of perovskite solar cells.