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Programmable nonlinear quantum photonic circuits
Kasper H Nielsen1, Ying Wang2, Edward C R Deacon3
1Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nature Communications
|December 11, 2025
Summary
Researchers developed programmable nonlinear photonic circuits for quantum technologies. These circuits enable precise single-photon interactions, overcoming a key obstacle in quantum optical circuits and paving the way for advanced quantum simulations.
Area of Science:
- Quantum optics
- Nanophotonics
- Quantum information science
Background:
- Direct photon-photon interactions are essential for nonlinear operations in quantum optical circuits.
- The absence of such interactions is a major limitation in developing advanced photonic quantum technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate multi-mode nonlinear photonic circuits capable of programmed linear and nonlinear operations at the single-photon level.
- To overcome the limitations of current photonic quantum technologies by enabling precise control over photon interactions.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing a tunable quantum dot embedded within a nanophotonic waveguide.
- Implementing a temporal linear optical interferometer to mediate photon-photon interactions.
- Developing reprogrammable nonlinear photonic circuits for high-precision control.
Main Results:
- Successfully demonstrated multi-mode nonlinear photonic circuits with programmable functionalities.
- Achieved precise control over linear and nonlinear operations at the single-photon level.
- Showcased the ability to reprogram circuits for specific quantum protocols.
Conclusions:
- The developed technology enables direct nonlinear operations at the single-photon level in photonic circuits.
- This breakthrough facilitates quantum simulation of complex systems, such as anharmonic molecular dynamics.
- The reprogrammable nonlinear photonic circuits represent a significant advancement for photonic quantum technologies.
