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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Aperiodic Brain Activity Modulates Corticospinal Excitability.

Jingna Jin1,2, Xin Wang1,2, Xinyu Zhao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.

Neuroscience Bulletin
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Brain state-dependent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) relies on instantaneous power to regulate brain activity. Our study reveals that aperiodic brain activity significantly influences corticospinal excitability, offering insights for optimizing TMS.

Keywords:
Aperiodic powerCorticospinal excitabilityElectroencephalographyMotor-evoked potentialPeriodic powerResting motor thresholdTranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

  • Brain state-dependent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a novel neuroregulation technique.
  • Estimating cortical excitability using instantaneous power is crucial for time-precise TMS.
  • The precise role of instantaneous power, especially aperiodic brain activity, in corticospinal excitability remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of instantaneous power, including periodic and aperiodic components, on corticospinal excitability.
  • To evaluate the relationship between different power components and motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes.
  • To determine how varying TMS intensities affect power-dependent corticospinal excitability.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during single-pulse TMS.
  • Stimulation of the primary motor cortex at 110% and 120% of resting motor threshold (RMT).
  • Analysis of total, periodic, and aperiodic power, including the aperiodic exponent and offset, to assess power dependence.

Main Results:

  • Higher alpha and beta power correlated with greater MEP amplitudes.
  • The aperiodic component of brain activity demonstrated a more critical role in corticospinal excitability than the periodic component.
  • Corticospinal output exhibited less sensitivity to power fluctuations at 120% RMT compared to 110% RMT.

Conclusions:

  • Aperiodic brain activity is significantly associated with cortical excitability.
  • The aperiodic component may serve as a valuable parameter for refining brain-state-dependent TMS protocols.
  • Understanding power dynamics enhances the precision and effectiveness of neurostimulation techniques.