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The Self-Regulation-Incorporated Digital Health Literacy Scale for Older Adults: Instrument Development and

Suyeon Ban¹, Yirang Kim¹, GyeongAe Seomun¹

¹College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Older People Nursing

|December 12, 2025

Summary

A new scale, the Self-Regulation-Incorporated Digital Health Literacy scale (SR-DHLs), effectively measures digital health literacy in older adults. This tool assesses their ability to navigate digital health information and make informed decisions.

Keywords:

digital health digital health literacy eHealth literacy health equity health literacy older adults psychometrics

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Digital Health
Health Literacy

Background:

Digital health literacy is crucial for health outcomes in the digital age.
Existing tools do not specifically assess digital health literacy in older adults with a focus on self-regulation.
A validated instrument is needed to evaluate this competency in the elderly population.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Self-Regulation-Incorporated Digital Health Literacy scale (SR-DHLs) for older adults.
To assess the psychometric properties of the newly developed scale.

Main Methods:

Instrument development involved generating 23 preliminary items.
Psychometric validation included content validity, face validity, item analysis, and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with 506 older adults.
Convergent validity and reliability (Cronbach's α, ICC) were also assessed.

Main Results:

The SR-DHLs consists of 16 items across four factors: 'Interaction with other users and systems', 'Regulated need-based selection', 'Willingness to actively engage', and 'Actualising informed decision-making'.
These factors explained 63.617% of the variance.
The scale demonstrated construct validity and acceptable reliability.

Conclusions:

The SR-DHLs is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing digital health literacy in older adults.
The scale incorporates self-regulation and resource management, vital for digital environment navigation.
The SR-DHLs can assist healthcare professionals in identifying needs and designing equitable digital health services for older adults.