Factors Affecting Sleep Quality Among Pregnant Women: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

To assess sleep quality in pregnant women and analyze its influencing factors based on lifestyle, stress levels, physical activity, and other relevant aspects.

From August 2022 to July 2024 in Urumqi, Xinjiang, a random sampling method was used to assess sleep quality using the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). General demographic characteristics were collected from 3508 pregnant women. A 1:1 propensity score matching method was used to match participants with good and poor sleep quality, resulting in 1402 pregnant women in each group. The factors influencing sleep quality were analyzed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-logistic regression.

Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher monthly income, no history of abortion, and lower exposure to passive smoking before pregnancy were protective factors for sleep quality, while high stress levels and conception via ART (assisted reproductive technology) were identified as risk factors.

Stress and lifestyle habits significantly affect the sleep quality of pregnant women in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Reducing psychological stress through health education and encouraging the development of healthy behavioral habits potentially enhance sleep outcomes. However, due to the regional specificity of the sample, these findings should not be generalized to pregnant women in other regions with different ethnic, cultural, or environmental characteristics.