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Mitral annular calcification: implications on clinical outcomes and interventions

Maximilian Reisinger1,2, Mateusz Kachel1,3, Rahul Kanade1

  • 1Division of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery
|December 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is increasingly common in elderly populations and linked to cardiovascular risks. Understanding MAC is crucial for managing mitral valve disease and improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a chronic condition with increasing incidence in the elderly.
  • MAC is frequently associated with atherosclerosis and other degenerative diseases.
  • Its clinical significance for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis of mitral annular calcification.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of MAC.
  • To explore the impact of MAC on mitral valve interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mitral annular calcification.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods for MAC.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes related to MAC.

Main Results:

  • MAC diagnosis relies on imaging techniques.
  • MAC is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • The presence of MAC influences treatment strategies for mitral valve disease.

Conclusions:

  • MAC is an important clinical entity with significant health implications.
  • Accurate diagnosis and understanding of MAC are vital for patient management.
  • MAC affects the choice and outcomes of mitral valve interventions.
Keywords:
Mitral annular calcification (MAC)clinical implicationsinterventional implicationsmitral valve disease (MVD)

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