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Inflammatory biomarkers in cerebral venous thrombosis versus ischemic stroke: a network meta-analysis

Xinlong Shen1,2, Ling Chen3, Liling Shen4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

Frontiers in Neurology
|December 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and ischemic stroke (IS) share inflammatory markers, but CVT shows a stronger response. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly higher in CVT, aiding differential diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) management differs for ischemic stroke (IS) and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).
  • Inflammation-driven mechanisms in IS and CVT are not fully translated into individualized interventions.
  • Understanding shared and distinct inflammatory pathways is crucial for effective CVD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare inflammation-driven mechanisms in IS and CVT.
  • To identify potential inflammatory markers for differentiating IS from CVT.
  • To inform individualized treatment strategies for cerebrovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Bayesian network meta-analysis of 18 eligible studies.
  • Searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 1, 2025.
  • Assessed evidence quality using the GRADE method; registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024539498).

Main Results:

  • Acute-phase inflammatory markers are elevated in both CVT and IS.
  • CVT exhibits a stronger systemic inflammatory response compared to IS.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly higher in acute CVT than IS.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory markers show both shared and distinct patterns in CVT and IS.
  • Elevated CRP and IL-6 in CVT suggest potential adjunctive diagnostic value.
  • Findings require prospective validation; neuroimaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis.
Abstract

Keywords:
cerebral venous thrombosiscerebrovascular disordersinflammationinflammatory markerischemic stroke

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