Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
Published on: June 21, 2017
MOF MIL-53(Al) catalyzed hydroacylation of azodicarboxylates: sustainable catalyst for heterogeneous acylhydrazide
Reynier Báez1,2, Lucas Marchini2, José A C Delgado2
1Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción 4130000 Chile cjimenez@udec.cl.
Abstract:
This study reports one of the few examples of acylhydrazide synthesis catalyzed by the metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-53(Al) via the aldehyde C(sp2)-H hydrazidation reaction. The material exhibited high catalytic performance, displaying a broad substrate scope and affording yields of up to 97%. The catalyst retained its structural integrity and activity for at least four consecutive cycles, with no significant metal leaching. Notably, MIL-53(Al) was synthesized from waste-derived materials and thoroughly characterized to confirm its crystallinity, structural integrity, and porosity - features essential to its catalytic function. This work demonstrates the potential of upcycled MIL-53(Al) as a stable, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of valuable acylhydrazides, offering an attractive alternative to conventional systems that rely on toxic metal promoters.
Related Concept Videos
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

