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Soluble Lignin as a Multifunctional Enhancer in Microbial Fermentation.

Zhiqiang Sun1, Chunyan Zhang1, Yitong Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Energy Plants Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural and Forestry Biomass, Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou510642,P.R. China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Soluble lignin enhances microbial fermentation by buffering pH, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and chelating heavy metals. This pH-responsive, recyclable material improves biomanufacturing efficiency using agricultural residues.

Keywords:
biochemical productionmicrobial fermentationmultifunctional enhancerpH-responsive recyclabilitysoluble lignin

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Microbial Fermentation

Background:

  • Microbial fermentation of lignocellulose is key for sustainable biomanufacturing but is limited by environmental stressors.
  • Lignin, a major byproduct of lignocellulose processing, presents an underutilized resource.
  • Developing methods to mitigate fermentation inhibitors is crucial for efficient bioprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of soluble lignin on microbial fermentation processes.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which soluble lignin mitigates environmental stressors.
  • To assess the recyclability and reusability of soluble lignin in fermentation.

Main Methods:

  • Soluble lignin was prepared from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin via alkaline dissolution and dialysis.
  • The impact of soluble lignin on three different microbial fermentations was systematically evaluated.
  • Mechanisms of action including pH buffering, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and heavy metal chelation were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Soluble lignin effectively buffered fermentation pH through carboxyl protonation.
  • It scavenged ROS via phenolic hydroxyl groups, reducing microbial inactivation.
  • Soluble lignin chelated heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+) via coordination, decreasing toxicity.
  • The material demonstrated pH-responsive recyclability, enabling recovery and reuse for over 10 cycles with sustained performance.

Conclusions:

  • Soluble lignin universally enhances microbial fermentations through physicochemical synergies.
  • It offers a sustainable strategy to overcome fermentation limitations and improve biomanufacturing.
  • This study provides a basis for optimizing lignocellulose-based fermentation and valorizing lignin.