Gonorrhoea in Poland in 2023.
Karolina Zakrzewska1, Marta Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik1
1Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy.
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|December 12, 2025
Summary
Gonorrhoea incidence in Poland surged in 2023, reaching record highs. Enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions are crucial, especially for young women, children, and migrants, to address rising sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Gonorrhoea (gonococcus) incidence in Poland resumed its pre-pandemic increase in 2022.
- The study focuses on the 2023 epidemiological situation of gonorrhoea in Poland.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the 2023 epidemiological situation of gonorrhoea in Poland.
- To analyze national surveillance data for gonorrhoea trends.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of case-based gonorrhoea notifications from 2023.
- Inclusion of aggregated data from MZ-56 forms (2014-2022) and MZ-14 forms (2019-2023).
Main Results:
- Gonorrhoea incidence doubled in 2023 to 3.5/100,000, the highest rate reported in Poland.
- Most cases (87.4%) were among Polish nationals, with a male-to-female ratio of 11:1.
- Increased cases observed in young women (15-24 years), children under 14, and neonates; delayed notifications revealed an upward trend starting in 2021.
Conclusions:
- Improved 2023 reporting suggests partial recovery of STI surveillance post-COVID-19, but highlights monitoring gaps.
- Rising cases in specific demographics necessitate tailored prevention strategies and improved service access.
- Limited participation in the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (Euro-GASP) requires enhanced domestic monitoring of *N. gonorrhoeae* antimicrobial susceptibility.
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