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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Topological phases of matter
  • Quantum materials

Background:

  • Topological phases of matter possess distinct bulk and boundary electronic gaps.
  • Disorder can lead to decoupled mobility gaps, analogous to bulk-boundary criticality in Landau theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effect of disorder on a 3D axion insulator.
  • Analyze the distinct evolution of bulk and surface mobility gaps under disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a three-dimensional axion insulator model.
  • Introduced disorder within the Gaussian unitary ensemble.
  • Analyzed the electronic band structure and Hall conductance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated different gap evolutions for bulk and surface topology under disorder.
  • Observed the emergence of a 2D unquantized anomalous Hall metal on each surface.
  • Identified spectral and response properties similar to conventional 3D topological insulator surface states.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder can decouple bulk and surface topology in axion insulators.
  • A novel 2D anomalous Hall metal phase can be realized on the surfaces.
  • Results offer insights into topological phases and potential extensions to other quantum materials.