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Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance

Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...

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Evaluating the Quality and Features of Visual Acuity Apps Using the Mobile App Rating Scale: Systematic Review.

P Connor Lentz¹, Emily Dorairaj², Pranav Vasu³

¹New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth

|December 12, 2025

Summary

Mobile visual acuity (VA) apps show mixed quality, with similar scores on both platforms. Despite good functionality, low subjective quality and lack of validation limit clinical use, highlighting the need for better standards in teleophthalmology.

Keywords:

MARS Mobile App Rating Scale app clinical clinical setting eye eye care eye health mhealth mobile app mobile health ophthalmology patient rating scale technology technology-based telehealth telemedicine teleophthalmology visual acuity

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Digital Health
Mobile Technology

Background:

Mobile visual acuity (VA) apps are increasingly used in clinical and home settings, supporting teleophthalmology.
Limited studies evaluate the quality, functionality, and clinical relevance of available VA apps.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically evaluate the quality and features of mobile VA apps on iOS and Android platforms.
Utilized the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) for a standardized assessment.

Main Methods:

Conducted a comprehensive search of app stores (Jan-Mar 2024) for free, English-language VA apps.
Evaluated 44 eligible apps using MARS by two independent reviewers.
Extracted app characteristics and features, including optotypes and supplemental tests.

Main Results:

Common optotypes included Tumbling E, Snellen Chart, and Landolt C.
Supplemental features like color vision and astigmatism tests were frequent.
Average MARS scores were similar across platforms (Android: 3.04, iOS: 3.02), with high functionality ratings but low subjective quality.
Few apps were clinically validated, and only iOS apps showed correlation between MARS scores and star ratings.

Conclusions:

Mobile VA apps demonstrate significant heterogeneity in quality and features.
Neither platform consistently offers superior app quality, despite comparable overall scores.
Low subjective quality and lack of clinical validation hinder professional use, necessitating improved development and validation standards for teleophthalmology.