VEGF-B: A multifaceted modulator with emerging therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Immunology
• Metabolic Research

Background:

• Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is increasingly recognized for its roles beyond angiogenesis.
• Unlike VEGF-A, VEGF-B influences tissue-specific functions like fatty acid transport, neuronal survival, and immunometabolism via VEGFR1 and NRP1.
• VEGF-B exhibits context-dependent actions, paradoxically suppressing or promoting cancer progression and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on VEGF-B's diverse biological functions.
• To propose a mechanistic framework for VEGF-B signaling networks.
• To outline strategies for developing precision therapies targeting VEGF-B in various diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent discoveries in VEGF-B research.
• Analysis of VEGF-B's receptor interactions (VEGFR1, NRP1, FGFR1).
• Integration of findings on VEGF-B's role in T cell survival and disease contexts.

Main Results:

• VEGF-B is crucial for vascular, metabolic, and immune system interactions.
• Recent findings highlight FGFR1 as a key receptor and VEGF-B's importance in T cell survival.
• Clinical translation is hindered by incomplete understanding, as seen in failed diabetic kidney disease trials.

Conclusions:

• VEGF-B is a critical regulator with paradoxical roles in health and disease.
• Further research is needed to elucidate complex signaling and therapeutic potential.
• Developing precision therapies requires addressing translational challenges to harness VEGF-B's benefits while maintaining homeostasis.