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Growth versus Fixed Mindset01:24

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Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
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Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
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Using Growth Mindset to Navigate Challenges in Pharmacy Education.

Stephen A Brown1, Janet Cooley2, Tram Cat3

  • 1Samford University, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL, USA.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth mindset principles can help pharmacy education overcome challenges like National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates and faculty burnout. This approach fosters resilience and satisfaction for educators and learners.

Keywords:
Growth mindsetPharmacy educationPharmacy practice

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Pharmacy education faces constant change, demanding adaptability from educators and learners.
  • Pressures within pharmacy education can lead to challenges such as low National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates and faculty burnout.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose growth mindset principles as a strategy to address "wicked problems" in pharmacy education.
  • To explore the application of Carol Dweck's Growth Mindset theory in improving educational outcomes and well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key concepts of Growth Mindset theory.
  • Discussion of practical applications of growth mindset principles in pharmacy education.

Main Results:

  • Growth mindset can equip educators and administrators to navigate complex educational environments.
  • Application of growth mindset principles can foster perseverance and success for faculty, staff, and learners.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting a growth mindset offers a valuable framework for tackling persistent issues in pharmacy education.
  • This approach can lead to enhanced personal fulfillment and professional satisfaction within the academic pharmacy community.