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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.2K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

3.2K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
3.2K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.1K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.1K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.2K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.2K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.5K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.5K

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

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Supramolecular Polymerization in Binary Solvent Mixtures: Learnings from Unique Cases.

Sourav Nandi1, Chidambar Kulkarni1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvents play a crucial role in supramolecular polymerization, influencing material properties. Recent research highlights unconventional solvent roles beyond simple solvation, impacting dynamic material assembly.

Keywords:
mixture of solventsself‐assemblysolute‐solvent interactionsupramolecular polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular polymers are dynamic materials with applications in materials science and biomaterials.
  • Solvent properties are key to controlling supramolecular polymerization and material assembly.
  • While most monomers assemble in a single solvent, some require solvent/anti-solvent mixtures for colloidal assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore recent examples of solvents playing unconventional roles in supramolecular polymerization.
  • To discuss how specific solvent interactions dictate monomer assembly beyond traditional solvent/anti-solvent roles.
  • To highlight the importance of monomer-solvent interactions in understanding supramolecular assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on supramolecular polymerization and solvent effects.
  • Analysis of thermodynamic principles governing solvent mixtures and solvation.
  • Examination of specific case studies demonstrating unconventional solvent roles.

Main Results:

  • Emerging examples show solvents exhibiting specific, non-conventional roles in controlling supramolecular assembly.
  • Unique assembly behaviors are often linked to the thermodynamics of binary solvent mixtures.
  • Specific monomer-solvent interactions are critical for understanding these special solvent effects.

Conclusions:

  • Solvents can play a more intricate role in supramolecular polymerization than previously understood.
  • Understanding monomer-solvent interactions is essential for controlling dynamic material assembly.
  • Future research should focus on the specific thermodynamics of solvent mixtures and monomer-solvent interactions.