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Speckle-driven single-shot orbital angular momentum recognition with ultra-low sampling density.

Zhiyuan Wang1,2,3, Haoran Li1,2,3, Tianting Zhong4,5

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Summary

We developed a new method, spatially multiplexed points detection (SMPD), for recognizing orbital angular momentum (OAM) in light. This technique uses scattering media to efficiently encode information, achieving high accuracy with minimal data points.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Information Processing

Background:

  • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) recognition is vital for optical communications and quantum technologies.
  • Conventional methods fail in scattering media (e.g., multimode fibers) and require high-resolution sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, efficient OAM recognition technique robust to scattering media.
  • To reduce the reliance on high-resolution sensors and complex data acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed spatially multiplexed points detection (SMPD), a speckle-driven OAM recognition technique.
  • Utilized scattering media as intrinsic encoders by extracting intensity from few spatially distributed points in a speckle plane.
  • Reduced sampling requirements significantly compared to conventional imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 99% retrieval accuracy for OAM recognition using only 16 sampling points (0.024% sampling density).
  • Demonstrated versatility through spatiotemporally interleaved vortex beams decoding, high-capacity OAM-multiplexed communication, and machine learning tasks (MNIST, Fashion-MNIST).

Conclusions:

  • SMPD transforms scattering from a hindrance into an efficient encoding mechanism.
  • Establishes a scalable strategy for optical information processing and fiber-based sensing in complex environments.