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Moisture-gradient-enhanced ionic thermoelectrics.

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|December 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic thermoelectrics (i-TEs) utilize moisture gradients for enhanced energy harvesting. This novel approach boosts performance for applications in wearables and robotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting
  • Thermoelectrics

Background:

  • Ionic thermoelectrics (i-TEs) are promising for wearables and low-grade energy harvesting.
  • Adequate moisture is crucial for ion dissociation in i-TEs.
  • The effect of moisture gradients on i-TE performance has been understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a moisture-gradient-enhanced ionic thermoelectric generator (MGITG).
  • To investigate the combined effects of moisture and temperature gradients on i-TE performance.
  • To demonstrate the potential of MGITGs in practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an MGITG device.
  • Characterization of ionic thermopower, open-circuit voltage, and energy density.
  • Evaluation of ion transport mechanisms under coupled heat and moisture transfer.

Main Results:

  • The MGITG achieved an ionic thermopower of 34.02 mV K-1.
  • A high open-circuit voltage of 644.19 mV was recorded.
  • An ultrahigh output energy density of 917.54 J m-2 was achieved within 1 hour.

Conclusions:

  • Coupled heat and moisture transfer significantly enhances i-TE performance through fast and selective ion transport.
  • MGITGs show potential for high-sensitivity, multifunctional, and high-energy-density applications.
  • The developed material enabled functional wearables and robotic systems with advanced sensing capabilities.