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Supramolecular Coupling Effect Enhanced Highly Transparent, Conductive Ionic Skin for Underwater Sensory and
Yuchao Wang1,2, Shan Li1,2, Junyi Han1
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 12, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a novel fluorinated ionogel for soft electronics, achieving high transparency and conductivity for underwater applications. The developed material enables sensitive underwater perception and autonomous robotic functions.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Polymer Chemistry
- Robotics
Background:
- Soft electronics are vital for marine exploration.
- Current ionogels lack the necessary conductivity, transparency, and sensitivity for aquatic environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel fluorinated polymeric ionogel with enhanced properties for underwater soft electronics.
- To create a highly sensitive underwater perception system for marine robotics.
Main Methods:
- Incorporation of tert-butyl groups and hydrophobic ionic liquid into a fluorinated polymer.
- Fabrication of a suspended 3D morphing mechanism for underwater camouflage skin.
- Integration of the ionogel device into a dolphin-inspired untethered robot.
Main Results:
- Achieved 96.38% optical transparency and 1.74 mS cm-1 ion mobility.
- Developed an underwater skin with ultra-high sensitivity (≈2.9 Pa) for flow gradient capture.
- Demonstrated closed-loop control for danger perception and autonomous avoidance in a robotic system.
Conclusions:
- The novel fluorinated ionogel offers a promising platform for advanced underwater bionic electronics.
- The developed system shows significant potential for intelligent robotics in marine environments.
