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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Reactive nitrogen-driven atmospheric buffering causes Concomitant Pollution by trapping gaseous pollutants in aerosols. Rising ammonia emissions exacerbate this global air quality challenge.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
  • Environmental Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Atmospheric multiphase buffering capacity is a key aerosol property affecting climate and public health.
  • The role of atmospheric multiphase buffering in air pollution, particularly Concomitant Pollution, is not well understood.
  • Reactive nitrogen (Nr) plays a significant role in atmospheric processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between reactive nitrogen-driven atmospheric multiphase buffering and Concomitant Pollution.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which gaseous pollutants transform into particulate pollution under buffering conditions.
  • To assess the global distribution and drivers of NH4+/NH3-induced Concomitant Pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of four years of continuous atmospheric observation data.
  • Conducting laboratory experiments to simulate multiphase buffering processes.
  • Global-scale modeling to analyze pollution patterns and contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • Reactive nitrogen (Nr) buffering induces Concomitant Pollution by partitioning gaseous pollutants into aerosol aqueous phases.
  • NH4+/NH3-induced Concomitant Pollution is most intense in South Asia during winter and in North America, Europe, and East Asia during summer.
  • Anthropogenic emissions, especially ammonia (NH3), are a greater driver of Concomitant Pollution than meteorological factors.

Conclusions:

  • Atmospheric multiphase buffering, particularly driven by reactive nitrogen, is a significant source of unintended Concomitant Pollution.
  • Global ammonia emissions are a primary driver of Concomitant Pollution, posing an urgent air quality challenge.
  • Understanding and mitigating NH3 emissions are crucial for addressing Concomitant Pollution.