Hydrogel scaffold for dental pulp regeneration: a systematic review

Introduction Vital pulp therapy (VPT) offers a biologically driven, conservative alternative to root canal treatment, aiming to preserve pulp vitality. Hydrogel scaffolds have gained attention as a regenerative strategy due to their tissue healing and bioactive properties. However, a comprehensive synthesis of their role in pulp regeneration remains limited.Aim This systematic review explored the current evidence on applying hydrogel scaffolds in VPT and their potential to support pulp regeneration and healing.Methods A structured literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EBSCO, targeting randomised controlled trials published between 2014 and 2024. The studies evaluated the effectiveness of hydrogel scaffolds over conventional materials in pulp regeneration therapy. Study quality was assessed using RoB2 to evaluate the risk of bias.Results In total, 336 studies were yielded, while nine were included after screening. Hydrogel-based scaffolds were compared to non-hydrogel-based scaffolds.Discussion Findings suggest that hydrogel-based scaffolds significantly enhance pulp regeneration, promoting tissue formation, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, and preventing root resorption.Conclusion Hydrogel-based scaffolds offer significant advantages in VPT compared to non-hydrogel-based scaffolds; however, further research is needed to identify optimal hydrogel types and delivery methods and to develop standardised long-term protocols.