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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.

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An Elastocaloric Polymer with Ultra-High Solid-State Cooling via Defect Engineering.

Zhaohan Yu1, Duo Xu2, Zumrat Usmanova3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defect engineering in elastocaloric polymers significantly enhances solid-state cooling performance. This approach optimizes the balance between strain-induced and temperature-induced crystallization for improved adiabatic temperature changes.

Keywords:
elastocaloric polymerssolid‐state coolingstrain‐induced crystallizationtetra‐arm poly(ethylene glycol)topological defects

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Elastocaloric polymers offer a sustainable alternative to traditional refrigeration by utilizing phase transformations.
  • Engineering polymer networks can enhance elastocaloric performance, but the impact of topological defects is largely unknown.
  • Topological defects are common in polymers and may influence their elastocaloric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of topological defects in elastocaloric polymers.
  • To develop a defect-engineering strategy for enhancing elastocaloric cooling in end-linked star polymers (ELSPs).
  • To understand the relationship between defect concentration and adiabatic temperature change.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized end-linked star polymers (ELSPs) with varying concentrations of dangling-chain defects.
  • Characterized the elastocaloric properties, including adiabatic temperature change, of the synthesized polymers.
  • Analyzed the influence of defects on strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and temperature-induced crystallization (TIC).

Main Results:

  • Achieved an adiabatic temperature change of up to 8.14 ± 1.76 °C at ambient temperatures above 65 °C.
  • Demonstrated a 39% enhancement in elastocaloric performance compared to defect-free ELSPs.
  • Identified competing effects of dangling-chain defects on SIC and TIC, which synergistically regulate the adiabatic temperature change.
  • Observed that increasing defects monotonically lowers high-temperature mechanical performance (suppressed SIC) but non-monotonically impacts low-temperature performance (competing SIC and enhanced TIC).

Conclusions:

  • Defect engineering in ELSPs is a viable strategy to significantly boost solid-state cooling performance.
  • The interplay between SIC and TIC, modulated by dangling-chain defects, is crucial for optimizing elastocaloric effects.
  • This work provides fundamental insights into defect-property relationships in elastocaloric polymers, paving the way for advanced cooling materials.