All Nanozyme-Based Cascade Reactions for Biomedical Applications: from Self-Cascading Nanozyme to Immobilized Cascade
Caixia Zhu1, Congcong Jiang1, Hian Kee Lee1,2
1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China.
Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 13, 2025
Summary
Nanozymes, artificial enzymes, are enhanced by cascade systems for improved efficiency. This review explores all-nanozyme cascade systems for biosensing and therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Catalysis
Background:
- Nanozymes offer advantages over natural enzymes, including stability and cost-effectiveness.
- Cascade reactions, inspired by biology, enhance nanozyme efficiency and performance.
- Advancements in nanomaterials and theoretical calculations enable customizable nanozyme design.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution of all-nanozyme cascade reaction systems.
- To elucidate mechanistic insights and design principles of these systems.
- To survey recent applications in biosensing and therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and analysis of nanozyme cascade systems.
- Classification of different types of all-nanozyme cascade systems.
- Examination of research methodologies for characterizing nanozyme catalysis.
Main Results:
- Nanozyme cascade systems have evolved from self-cascading to immobilized catalytic systems.
- Key mechanistic insights and design principles are clarified.
- Applications in biosensing and therapy are extensively surveyed.
Conclusions:
- All-nanozyme cascade systems represent a significant advancement in biomimetic design.
- These systems show great promise for biosensing and therapeutic applications.
- Challenges in the application of these systems are identified for future research.
