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The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
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In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
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A Low-Cost and Compact High-Frequency Gallium Nitride Gradient Power Amplifier for Low-Field MRI.

N Reid Bolding1,2, Jacob Hannan1, Christopher Vaughn3

  • 1Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a low-cost gradient amplifier for low-field MRI systems, utilizing Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors. The developed amplifier significantly reduces costs and size, enhancing MRI accessibility.

Keywords:
accessibilitygradient power amplifierhardwarelow‐field

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Technology
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems offer potential for reduced cost and increased accessibility compared to high-field systems.
  • Gradient systems are crucial for MRI but contribute significantly to the overall cost and size of these devices.
  • Existing gradient amplifiers often face limitations in cost-effectiveness and miniaturization for small, low-field MRI applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective gradient power amplifier for small, low-field MRI systems.
  • To enhance the capabilities of gradient systems in low-field MRI applications.
  • To reduce the overall upfront cost and physical footprint of low-field MRI scanners.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a gradient power amplifier utilizing Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors and high-speed logic for high efficiency and responsiveness.
  • Implemented a switching H-bridge design and created a prototype for testing power output capabilities.
  • Tested the prototype with a digital control system using a simulated gradient load representative of head and extremity low-field MRI systems, analyzing noise spectra.

Main Results:

  • The prototype amplifier, driving 15 A into a simulated gradient load (225 μH, 0.3 Ω), achieved an effective strength over 15 mT/m and slew rate over 32 T/m/s.
  • The total build cost was under US$300, with an amplifier size of less than 6x6x2 cm.
  • High efficiency enabled operation without active cooling at full duty cycle; high-frequency switching allowed for controllable interference management.

Conclusions:

  • A low-cost, compact gradient amplifier can be successfully implemented using GaN transistors.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly reduce the cost and size of low-field MRI systems.
  • The developed amplifier can improve the accessibility of MRI technology.