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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

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Published on: April 10, 2015

Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Crosslinking Polymers With Multiple Ruthenium Centers for Highly Efficient

Wei-Heng Zhang¹, Yong-Xue Li¹, Xin-Yu Chen²

¹College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|December 13, 2025

Summary

This study presents a novel covalently cross-linked supramolecular catalyst (Ru@POP-CD) for efficient ammonia synthesis from nitrate. The catalyst demonstrates high performance and stability, offering a promising solution for environmental pollution and energy applications.

Keywords:

ammonia synthesis cyclodextrin electrocatalysis nitrate reduction reaction

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Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Supramolecular Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Catalysis
Environmental Science

Background:

Supramolecular polymers exhibit catalytic potential for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia.
Developing stable and efficient catalysts is crucial for ammonia synthesis and pollution control.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize a covalently cross-linked supramolecular catalytic system (Ru@POP-CD) for efficient electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrate.
To investigate its performance, stability, and potential applications in environmental remediation and energy systems.

Main Methods:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction to synthesize Ru@POP-CD.
Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
Ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency measurements.

Main Results:

Ru@POP-CD achieved a high Faradaic efficiency (FE_NH3) of 78.5% at -0.8 V and a yield rate of 8.72 mg h⁻¹ cm⁻² in alkaline conditions.
The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and inhibited the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
High performance was also observed in neutral electrolyte (FE_NH3 of 83.8% at -0.9 V).

Conclusions:

The covalently cross-linked Ru@POP-CD system is a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for ammonia synthesis from nitrate.
Its unique structure facilitates nitrate electroreduction and offers potential for electrochemical energy supply systems and environmental pollution control.