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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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A Para-Selective Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction.

Xia Liu¹, Gregory J P Perry², Duanyang Kong¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|December 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation method using a cesium salt as a CO2 source. It achieves para-selective synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acids under mild conditions.

Keywords:

CO2 transfer Carboxylation Dual‐function reagent Isotope labeling Kolbe–Schmitt

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Published on: March 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Synthetic Methodology
Carboxylation Reactions

Background:

The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is a key organic synthesis method for carboxylation.
Traditional Kolbe-Schmitt reactions require harsh conditions like high temperatures and CO2 pressures.
Existing methods often yield ortho-carboxylated products (salicylic acids).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a milder and more efficient Kolbe-Schmitt-type carboxylation.
To achieve para-selective carboxylation of phenols.
To enable practical carbon isotope labeling using this reaction.

Main Methods:

Utilized the cesium salt of triphenylacetic acid as a combined base and CO2 source.
Performed carboxylation of phenols under relatively low temperatures.
Employed near equimolar amounts of the carboxylating reagent.

Main Results:

Achieved Kolbe-Schmitt-type carboxylation under mild conditions.
Demonstrated high para selectivity, yielding 4-hydroxybenzoic acids.
Successfully prepared 13C-labeled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives.

Conclusions:

Developed a practical and efficient para-selective Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation.
The method offers an alternative to traditional high-temperature/pressure reactions.
Opens new avenues for carbon isotope labeling in organic synthesis.